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Exam CKA Exercise - Testing CKA Center

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Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Program Exam Sample Questions (Q20-Q25):

NEW QUESTION # 20
You are managing a Kubernetes cluster with a very specific RBAC setup.
- Users in the "engineering" group can create Pods in the "dev" namespace, but only if the Pod's name starts with "frontend".
- Users in the "security" group can view events in the "prod" namespace, but only if the event's reason is "Failed".
Create a YAML file to define a custom resource and define its permissions for the "engineering" and "security" groups.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 Create the "dev" and "prod" namespaces:
kubectl create namespace dev
kubectl create namespace prod
2. Define a Custom Resource Definition (CRD) for "pod-events":

3. Define the "engineering-pod-creation" role:

4. Create the "engineering-pod-creation" role binding:

5. Define the "security-event-view" role:

6. Create the "security-event-view" role binding:

7. Apply the YAML file to the cluster: kubectl apply -f rbac-config.yaml

NEW QUESTION # 21
Create a persistent volume with nameapp-data, of capacity2Giandaccess modeReadWriteMany. Thetype of volume ishostPathand itslocation is/srv/app-data.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
Persistent Volume
A persistent volume is a piece of storage in aKubernetes cluster. PersistentVolumes are a cluster-level resource like nodes, which don't belong to any namespace. It is provisioned by the administrator and has a particular file size. This way, a developer deploying their app on Kubernetes need not knowthe underlying infrastructure.
When the developer needs a certain amount of persistent storage for their application, the system administrator configures the cluster so that they consume the PersistentVolume provisioned in an easy way.
Creating PersistentVolume
kind: PersistentVolumeapiVersion: v1metadata:name:app-dataspec:capacity: # defines the capacity of PV we are creatingstorage:2Gi#the amount of storage we are tying to claimaccessModes: # defines the rights of the volumewe are creating-ReadWriteManyhostPath:path: "/srv/app-data" # path to which we are creating the volume Challenge
* Create a Persistent Volume named ReadWriteMany, storage classname
shared,2Giof storage capacity and the host path

2. Save the file and create the persistent volume.
Image for post

3. View the persistent volume.

* Our persistent volume status is available meaning it is available and it has not been mounted yet. This status willchange when we mount the persistentVolume to a persistentVolumeClaim.
PersistentVolumeClaim
In a real ecosystem, a system admin will create the PersistentVolume then a developer will create a PersistentVolumeClaim which will be referenced in a pod. A PersistentVolumeClaim is created by specifying the minimum size and the access mode they require from the persistentVolume.
Challenge
* Create a Persistent Volume Claim that requests the Persistent Volume we had created above. The claim should request 2Gi. Ensurethat the Persistent Volume Claim has the same storageClassName as the persistentVolume you had previously created.
kind: PersistentVolumeapiVersion: v1metadata:name:
spec:
accessModes:-ReadWriteManyresources:
requests:storage:2Gi
storageClassName:shared
2. Save and create the pvc
njerry191@cloudshell:~(extreme-clone-2654111)$ kubect1 create -f app-data.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/app-data created
3. View the pvc
Image for post

4. Let's see what has changed in the pv we had initially created.
Image for post

Our status has now changed fromavailabletobound.
5. Create a new pod named myapp with image nginx that will be used to Mount the Persistent Volume Claim with the path /var/app/config.
Mounting a Claim
apiVersion: v1kind: Podmetadata:creationTimestamp: nullname: app-dataspec:volumes:- name:congigpvcpersistenVolumeClaim:claimName: app-datacontainers:- image: nginxname:
appvolumeMounts:- mountPath: "

NEW QUESTION # 22
You have a Deployment running a web application with three replicas. The application is exposed using a 'NodePort' service. You need to configure the service so that it allows traffic only from specific IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.10, 192.168.1.20).

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a NetworkPolicy:
- Define a NetworkPolicy resource that allows traffic from the specified IP addresses to the Deployment pods.

2. Apply the NetworkPolicy: - Apply the YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f networkpolicy.yaml'. 3. Verify the NetworkPolicy: - Check the status of the NetworkPolicy using 'kubectl get networkpolicies allow-specific-ips -n 4. Test the Access: - Attempt to access the web application from the allowed IP addresses. You should be able to access it. - Try to access the application from other IP addresses. You should not be able to access it. Note: Replace " with the actual namespace where your Deployment and NetworkPolicy are located.

NEW QUESTION # 23
Your Kubernetes cluster is experiencing a high number of pod restarts in the 'database-service' Deployment. The logs show errors related to "connection refused" from the database service. You need to diagnose the issue and resolve it.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Check the Database Service:
- Verify the database service is running and healthy:
- Use 'kubectl get services database-service' to check the service status.
- If the service is not running, try restarting it with 'kubectl delete service database-service' followed by 'kubectl apply -f database-service.yaml'
2. Investigate Network Connectivity:
- Check if pods in the 'database-service' Deployment can connect to the database service:
- Use 'kubectl exec -it -n bash' to enter a pod in the Deployment.
- Run 'ping database-service' or 'telnet database-service to test network connectivity.
- If ping or telnet fails, there might be a network issue between the pods and the database service.
3. Examine Service Configuration:
- Inspect the database service YAML:
- Verify the port mapping in the service definition matches the port that the database service listens on.
- Ensure the service selector matches the labels of the database pods.
- Example:

4. Check for Network Policies: - Determine if any network policies are blocking traffic between the database service and the pods: - Use 'kubectl get networkpolicies -n ' to list network policies. - Examine the policies to see if they are blocking traffic based on labels, ports, or other criteria. 5. Troubleshoot Database Service: - Verify the database service itself is running and accessible: - If you can access the database service directly from outside the cluster, but the pods cannot connect, there may be an issue with the database service itself. - Run tests to ensure the database is functioning correctly. 6. Test and Redeploy: - After making changes to the service definition, apply the update: - 'kubectl apply -f database-service.yaml' - Monitor the pod restarts. If the issue persists, consider further troubleshooting steps, such as inspecting firewall rules or DNS resolution.

NEW QUESTION # 24
Undo/Rollback deployment to specific revision "1"

A. // Check Deployment History
kubectl rollout history deployment webapp
kubectl rollout undo deploymet webapp --to-revision=1
B. // Check Deployment History
kubectl rollout history deployment webapp
//Rollback to particular revision
kubectl rollout undo deploymet webapp --to-revision=1

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 25
......

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